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CARS Model: Writing the Introduction of a Research Article

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by

hhamidy
in

The introduction in a research article should provide the context to the topic, indicate a gap or a problem that needs further attention or investigation, and outline the main purpose of the paper. One effective way to write the introduction is CARS (Creating a Research Space) model proposed by John Swales in 1990. This model outlines three rhetorical moves:  

Move 1: Establish a research territory

Here, the purpose is to show that your general research area is is significant to study, that your topic is part of an important research area. that your topic is useful, important, or worthy of investigating. Writers do this often by citing sources and summarizing related literature. 

For a sample, refer to paragraph 1 and 2 of  “Problems Facing Small-Medium Family-Owned Business in Afghanistan” and paragraph 1 to 3 of “The Impact of Financial Literacy on the Performance of SMEs in Afghanistan”. 

These sentence structures are useful to write this move.

Move 2: Establish a niche

Establishing a niche is most commonly known as a gap or a problem statement. After highlighting the relevance or importance of the topic,  you need to show that some aspects of your topic still need further investigations. In other words, you should come up with a gap or area of research that has not received attention from other researchers, but worth investigations. Finding a gap is necessary to show why your current research is necessary or unique. 

For a sample, refer to paragraph 4 to 6 of “The Impact of Financial Literacy on the Performance of SMEs in Afghanistan” and paragraph 4 of “Problems Facing Small-Medium Family-Owned Business in Afghanistan. 

To indicate a gap, these sentence structures are useful.

Move 3: Occupying the niche

Finally, state how your current research is trying to address the gap. You can do this by stating:

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