A research article is a formal paper that presents original research, analysis, and findings on a specific topic. It follows a clear structure, including an abstract, introduction, methodology, literature review, results and discussion, and conclusion.

While different research areas may have different focus, the overall structure remains the same. Whether in business, science, social studies, or humanities, research articles follow a standard format or layout, which is explained below.

Table of Content

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References

Abstract

The abstract in a research article provides a brief and clear overview of the study, allowing readers and researchers to assess its relevance and significance. It typically ranges from 150 to 250 words and outlines the research problem, objectives, methodology, key findings, and conclusion. For practical guidance, refer to “How to Write an Abstract for a Research Article.“

Introduction

The introduction in a research article defines the research problem, justifies the need for the study, and outlines the main theme. It provides clear context to the topic, identifies a gap or problem that requires further attention or investigation, and presents the study’s purpose and objectives. This section sets up the direction of the paper and prepares the reader for the analysis that follows. Refer to “How to Write an Introduction of a Research Article” for a step-by-step guide.

Literature Review

In a research article, the literature review summarizes existing research, identifies gaps and trends, highlights the need for the current study, critically evaluates previous studies, and shows their relevance to the research question. The literature review also highlights what has been explored and what remains unexamined, thereby emphasizing the importance of the current study.

Methodology

The methodology explains how the research was conducted to address the problem(s) identified in the literature review. It details the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques used to investigate the research question. The methodology is commonly either qualitative or quantitative, each suited to different types of research problems.

In the methodology, the researcher notes down observations throughout the research process. Reflecting upon these observations later helps determine the credibility of the research, the reliability of the data, and potential biases.

Results

This section focuses on reporting facts, highlighting trends, and presenting statistical or qualitative data that directly answers the research objectives. It includes data in the form of tables, graphs, or charts, and clearly showcases key outcomes related to the research question. Often, the results section presents the findings of the research without interpretation, as interpretation appears in the discussion section.

However, some researchers combine the discussion with the results, leading to sections such as Results and Discussion, Findings and Interpretation, or Analysis and Results.

Discussion

The discussion section interprets the results, explains their meaning in relation to the research question and objectives, compares the findings with previous studies, and highlights similarities, differences, and/or implications. The researcher analyzes the significance of the results, addresses any unexpected outcomes, and explores their potential impact on the field. Additionally, this section may acknowledge the study’s limitations and suggest areas for future research.

This section is where researchers raise their voice as an author. They can use linguistic features such as stance and engagement and hedging strategies to reflect their opinion, assets their positions, and critically engage the readers. Raising your voice as an author makes your writing unique and elevates your credibility as a researcher. It demonstrates that you are not just presenting findings but actively interpreting them—explaining what they mean and highlighting their relevance to your own research.

Conclusion

The conclusion should summarizes the key findings, reiterates their significance, ties the research back to the broader context, briefly restates the research objectives and/or research questions, presents the main outcomes, and offers final insights.

This section may also reflect on the study’s implications, suggest practical applications, and propose directions for future research. The conclusion provides a clear and concise ending to the paper, ensuring the reader understands the study’s contributions and potential impact.

References

The references section lists all sources cited throughout the research article, following a specific citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.

Refer to “A Practical Guide to APA In-Text Citation” for a practical guide o APA In-text citation.

Notes:

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